The Pollution of PCB Boards
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Nowadays, the increasingly sophisticated small PCB boards make the production more and more complex and bring about a lot of wastewater full of chemical substances in the processing. PCB boards are difficult to decompose in natural environment and is disseminated everywhere. A large number of PCB boards invade the air, soil, river and ocean during the producing, processing, applying, transporting and waste handling process. Some of the PCB boards are inhaled by small marine organisms and fishes which are the food of marine life. As a result, PCB boards enter the body of all marine life, including marine mammals. The accumulation of PCB boards in marine species is much higher than that in the water which causes a great damage to the marine ecosystem.
The main pollutants in the wastewater from the design and production of PCB boards are copper, organic matter, ammonia. As the composition of the routing on the PCB boards are made by removing the excess copper from the conductor layer, so copper is the most important pollutant in the wastewater of PCB boards. During the processing of fabricating circuit patterns, copper etching and circuit soldering, the ink is used to cover and protect part of the copper foil. It will be drained away which brings about a lot of organic matter with high concentration. Some COD is up to 10 ~ 20g / L. The wastewater accounts for about 5% of the total amount of water. Some processes bring forth some chemicals like NH4OH and NH4Cl in the etching solution, which are the main source of ammonia. Besides the pollutants mentioned above, there are many other items, such as acid, alkaline, nickel, lead, tin, manganese, cyanide, fluoride, H2SO4, HCl, NaOH, etching solution, electroplating solution, activating solution, pre-immersion and other dozens of unknown composition, which makes the wastewater treatment much more complex and difficult.
In the early days, the design and production of circuit boards was considered as a kind of high technology and most of the foreign companies controlled technology output which once limited the development and expansion of the circuit board industry to a great extent. According to the report of Time Magazine, the most polluted countries in the world are China and India at present. In the future, the development of PCB industry of environmental protection will be led to energy saving, emission reduction, recycling and so on. More and more physical and biological treatment technology will be applied to replace the traditional chemical processing technology. And Gold Phoenix PCB will try to improve its PCB boards technology with high efficiency and environmental protection.