PCB board design considerations

Designing circuits is a hard work that electronic engineers must master, and if the design is unreasonable, the performance will be greatly reduced, and even the normal operation will not work properly. So, what are the precautions in PCB board design?

1. Make a physical border

The closed physical frame is very important for the future component layout and routing, and must be accurate, otherwise there will be installation problems in the future. It is best to use arcs in corners, on the one hand, it can avoid sharp corners scratching workers, and at the same time reduce stress.

2. Layout of components

The layout and routing of components have a great influence on the quality of the product, and the following principles should be followed:
(1) Placement order
First place the fixed position related to the structure, such as power sockets, indicator lights, switches, connectors, etc.; Then place special components and large components on the line, such as heating components, transformers, ICs, etc. Finally, place the small device.
(2) Pay attention to heat dissipation
For high-power circuits, those heating elements should be dispersed as far aside as possible to facilitate heat dissipation and not concentrate in one place.

3. Reasonable wiring

The following routing principles should be followed:
(1) It is better to have thin and shorter high-frequency digital circuit traces;
(2) Isolation should be paid to between large current signals, high voltage signals and small signals;
(3) When wiring with double panels, the wires on both sides should be perpendicular to each other, oblique, or curved to avoid being parallel to each other to reduce parasitic coupling;
(4) The routing angle is greater than 90 degrees as much as possible, and the corners below 90 degrees are eliminated;
(5) The same address line or data line, the difference in trace length should not be too large;
(6) Trace the wire as much as possible on the welding surface; Use as few vias and jumpers as possible;
(7) Components and traces should not be placed too far aside;
(8) The convenience of production, debugging and maintenance must be considered.

4. Adjust and improve

Once the wiring is complete, all you have to do is make some adjustments to the text, individual components, traces, and apply copper. If you use copper instead of the ground wire, you must pay attention to whether the entire ground is connected, the magnitude of the current, the flow direction and whether there are special requirements to ensure that unnecessary errors are reduced.

5. Check the network

Sometimes the network relationship drawn is different from the schematic due to negligence, and it is necessary to check and check.